10. TRADE UNION
A. FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION
Nearly 60% (68 of 115) of the countries in the Index have requisite provisions on freedom of association as required under ILO Convention 87. Of the remaining 47 countries, 17 from Africa, 22 from Asia, six in the Americas, have limited access to freedom of association and so do not have legal provisions allowing workers to form and join unions of their own choice.
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Table 56: Freedom of Association
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| Region | Freedom of Association | Limited Access to FoA | Total Countries |
| Africa | 17 | 17 | 34 |
| Americas | 9 | 6 | 15 |
| Asia | 8 | 22 | 30 |
| Europe | 32 | 2 | 34 |
| Oceania | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Total Countries | 68 | 47 | 115 |
B. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
More than 50% (60 of 115) countries require access to collective bargaining to workers and their unions to negotiate on working conditions with the employers. The remaining 55 countries, of which 16 are in Africa, seven in the Americas and 22 in Asia, have limited access to collective bargaining.
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Table 57: Collective Bargaining
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| Region | Access to Collective Bargaining | Limited Access to Collective Bargaining | Total Countries |
| Africa | 18 | 16 | 34 |
| Americas | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| Asia | 8 | 22 | 30 |
| Europe | 25 | 9 | 34 |
| Oceania | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Total Countries | 60 | 55 | 115 |
C. RIGHT TO STRIKE
One third (38 of 115) of the countries grant workers the right to strike. However, a majority of countries (77 of 115) limit access to the right to strike, including 25 countries in Africa and 27 in Asia.
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Table 58: Right to Strike
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| Region | Right to Strike | Limited Access to Right to Strike | Total Countries |
| Africa | 9 | 25 | 34 |
| Americas | 3 | 12 | 15 |
| Asia | 3 | 27 | 30 |
| Europe | 22 | 12 | 34 |
| Oceania | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Total Countries | 38 | 77 | 115 |
D. REPLACING WORKERS ON STRIKE
While around 60% (71 of 115) prohibit employers from replacing those workers who are on strike, more than 40 countries do not have any such provision, with most (18) of these countries found in Asia.
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Table 59: Replacing Workers on Strike
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| Region | Prohibition on replacement of striking workers | No Prohibition | Total Countries |
| Africa | 21 | 13 | 34 |
| Americas | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| Asia | 12 | 18 | 30 |
| Europe | 28 | 6 | 34 |
| Oceania | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Total Countries | 72 | 43 | 115 |